DOE ARM 97 IOP: (Last revised 10/7/97)

NOTES by PAT ARNOTT, DRI, FOR CLOUDSCOPE AND REPLICATOR.

(see Dr. J. Hallett teaching school children about cloud physics).

SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER*

SUN

MON

TUES

WED

THURS

FRI

SAT

1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 Oct 1 Oct 2 Oct 3 Oct 4

*Time is given in Universal Time (UT) for both flight logs, and for dates. Sometimes a night flight might start on one day locally, but it is already into the next day for UT. UT is 5 hours later than local Ponca City OK time, so for example, 1 pm local corresponds to 6 pm UT. When reference is made to local time, it will be explicity mentioned, for example 18:00:00 is 6 pm local.


13 Sept 97:

Arrived in Ponca City late afternoon. Removed replicator from Citation with some difficulty. Probe arm was stuck in tube. Rocky removed the hold down from the replicator arm on the outside of the aircraft. This allowed the replicator to be removed. The screws for the applicator tip were somewhat loose, perhaps causing the problem. Then mixed up the formvar and chloroform mixture to get it dissolved. Also wired the cloudscope to the vcr and monitor. I recommend taking the video output from the cloudscope control box first to the vcr input, and then take the vcr output to the monitor. In this way, the monitor can be used also to review previously recorded data. Be sure that the monitor setting for termination is 75 ohms, as it is the last element in the video chain. This termination prevents electrical signal reflection from the monitor back to the vcr, and thus does not affect video quality.{top}


14 Sept 97:

Began testing the cloudscope. The forward focus is not working, though reverse focus does work. When the cloudscope was operated directly from the control box (rather than through the wing), the cloudscope worked properly. Then attempted to find wiring problem through the wing by doing a continuity test from the wing to the interior of the aircraft. Found that all pins on the amphenol connectors seem to be wired, but there still must be some pins that are wired together. Will continue working with this problem as time permits. The cloudscope could be operated as is without problem, but it would be nice to have fully functional focus available. Working with outdated schematics: Will get new ones asap.

Obtained the replicator pump batteries and verified that the formvar line is clear. Will reinstall the replicator tomorrow to confirm operation.{top}


15 Sept 97:

The cloudscope wiring problem on the aircraft was resolved today. We found that pin 22 on the amphenol connector on the wing was connected both to aircraft ground, and to a data line. When the forward focus adjustment was made, the signal was grounded instead of passed on to the instrument. Once the extra ground connection was removed, the cloudscope focus issue was resolved. The replicator was then tested on the aircraft. We found that the 5 amp circuit breaker was not sufficient for the 28 volt circuit to the replicator, so replaced it with a 15 amp breaker circuit. The replictor was loaded with film and tested. Film transport, and formvar application were verified. The DRI instruments are ready to go, as are the rest of the instruments on the Citation. Everyone is working on a tight schedule. We expect to fly tomorrow. The ARM site is one heavily instrumented plot of sky! {top}


16 Sept 97:

Detailed replicator and cloudscope notes for FLIGHT 1.

FLIGHT DESCRIPTION, OPINION OF Pat Arnott.

FLIGHT 1 of 1:

Cirrus fibratus was present over the CART site (DOE-ARM Observational GCM grid point) at the onset of the mission. During the flight I was so busy with the instruments that I did not get a good feel for the cloud cover, though did have one chance to see that lower and upper clouds were present. The cloud scope worked well, though the focus was uncertain. I saw several plate polycrystals and columns present on the video. The replicator worked well until a frame count of about 9000, when it seized. Film transport stopped. When this happens, and the operator doesn't notice it right away, formvar is still being delivered through the applicator tip to a now stopped film. The result is a big mess of formvar on the instrument. The replicator seized before we attained an altitude of - 57 C, where I would have liked to have obtained replica of cold cirrus.

This was the first flight, and it seemed chaotic for me, with two instruments to set up and debug. Some after flight notes on how to remediate the chaos are given on 17 Sept 97.

POST FLIGHT ANALYSIS.

This was a frustrating flight, with problems on the replicator, and a replicator stuck problem to deal with. It is frustrating that the replicator can not be tinkered with during flight, but this is largely the same with all instruments. I resolve to further test the replicator on the ground to try to fix the stick problem, to completely resolve the pump issue, and to focus the cloudscope on the ground before the next flight.

The replicator was removed from the Citation as usual, and post flight clean up was done. The applicator had indeed oozed formvar during the stuck times when the film was not moving. Rocky of the Citation crew commented that we should install an off switch for the formvar pump so that when the film is stopped, the formvar pump is turned off. Sounds like a great idea to me, because it is not always possible to manually turn the replicator off just when it sticks, as one has many things going on at once. The camera and monitor on the replicator should be replaced with a color system, so that the formvar could readily be seen. It is tough to adjust the formvar film thickness when the video is bad. The replicator is an analog instrument in a digital world. I really like the visually quality of the ice crystal data it produces, and don't see a likely alternative on the horizon.

The replicator was reloaded and run in the aircraft floor to see if the sticking problems could be repeated. Immediately it was apparent that the applicator tip was leaking through the teflon O-rings, and so I took it out of the aircraft and cleaned it up. The leak was small, but could be significant over time. I thought that this leak must have contributed to the sticking problem, but also realized that it was not the whole story. I removed the tip and took it to the hotel overnight and replaced the O-rings. This seems to have stopped the leak nicely. Rick Purcell commented that the current O-rings should be replaced with more flexible O-rings. I notice how O-rings are so important, and when they fail, disaster can occur.

I looked at the film transport system to seek evidence of scraping, and found plenty. However, it is difficult to tell when the scraping occurred.

I put a finger print on the cloudscope window, covered the arm with aluminum foil as a light shield, and focused the scope on the ground. I determined that best focus seems to happen at the foremost reverse position of the focusing motor, an undesirable location. Focus should occur at the center of the range, leaving room for adjustment. I will remove the cloudscope from the wing and evaluate if a slight malfunction has occurred, and if a fix can be found.

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17 Sept 97:

Detailed replicator and cloudscope notes for FLIGHT 1.

FLIGHT DESCRIPTION, OPINION OF Pat Arnott.

The differential pressure gauge on the replicator seems to need work. This gauge measures the pressure difference between the dynamic pressure outside of the aircraft (ambient pressure plus flow induced pressure) and the pressue within the replicator box. Suppose that the gauge has been zeroed on the ground. Then in flight, when the gauge reads to the left of zero (as facing the gauge), the pressue outside is greater than the pressure in the replicator box. The ressure in the box should be atmspheric pressure plus a fraction of the dynamic pressure induced by inflow at the replicator input sampling slit, plus the pressure induced by the replicator pump that pumps in dried cabin air to dry the formvar. In flight, the pump should only be turned on when the replicator is used, as the drying agent can be used up if the humid cabin air is pushed through the system, especially when the altitude is low and the air is humid. The airflow toggle should be off until just before the pump is turned on, and should be turned back off when the pump is turned off. In flight, I observe that the gauge indicates that the outside pressure is greater than that in the replicator box. The air pump on the replicator should be able to make the needle on the pressure gauge move to the right a little, like 1" water pressure equivalent.

FLIGHT 1:

The purpose of this flight is to evaluate clear air anomalously high radar returns seen from the ground for a level of about 5 km. Bugs are suspected. The replicator is to be deployed to try to catch bugs if possible, like a long strip of fly paper. The sky is relatively clear, though cirrus is possible.

The mark on the replicator film to use for finding the film start was right at the tip of the applicator for formvar, about 4 frames less than the slit opening location. To evaluate this film, the film start should be set to 4 frames beyond this mark.

Post flight replica analysis indicates that the film quality is excellent. All we need now is proper film transport and some cirrus clouds, and we should be set for excellent cirrus sampling.

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18 Sept 97:

The replicator was sanded with 400 grit on the previous stick marks, and WD40 was applied everywhere possible including on the rollers and the contact locations. Film transport was much improved. This might get us going again....

FLIGHT 1 of 1. Night flight.

Flight purpose is to provide in situ water vapor measurements for water vapor iop. Also plan to sample cirrus if present for cloud iop.

2:02:50 Takeoff.

3:56:44 Landing.

Cloud scope was operated during entire flight. Saw many clear air particles on it, from 5 to 50 microns. Saw the big dipper over the left wing. It was a moonlit relaxing flight, and the vapor measurements by the two different instruments agreed well. Unfortunately, it was very clear -- did not deploy or test the replicator.

After the flight it was determined that the aircraft would have to be taken to Wichita, Cessna facility, to fix the antilock brake system. The cryohygrometer was also sent back to the manufacturer for repair. This is a third hygrometer on the aircraft that is used for cold temperature operation.

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19 Sept 97:

DATA EXCERPT FROM FLIGHT 2, MIXED PHASE CLOUD.

FLIGHT NOTES FOR FLIGHT 2, FROM MIKE POELLOT, FLIGHT SCIENTIST.

Detailed replicator and cloudscope notes for FLIGHT 1, FLIGHT 2.

FLIGHT DESCRIPTION, OPINION OF Pat Arnott.

FLIGHT 1 of 2:

The purpose of this flight was to observe cirrus in support of the cloud IOP. The high temperatue in Ponca City today was listed as 101 F. This is in sharp contrast to high temperatures northwest of Ponca City, where a cold front is slowly making its way our direction. Ground level winds were from the southwest. Before takeoff, cirrus was present in the sky above the CART site, at a base level of about 8 km. The flight pattern was to perform upward spirals, and return to cloud base with level legs down. The cirrus was somewhat uniform, with some contrail remnants present, and interesting fall streaks. Haloes were observed on a number of occasions. Crystals were mostly column rosettes with some plate polycrystals present.

The replicator film transport worked quite well, though the problem has now somewhat shifted to the formvar application. The formvar was somewhat splotchy. The cloudscope worked adequately, but the lack of 1/1000 shutter speed seems to be a limiting factor. There is some video noise present on the images as well. The shutter speed of 1/60 sec. is too slow given the daylight situation, and 1/10,000 is to fast as the images are a little dark.

FLIGHT 2 of 2:

After returning from flight 1, we were directed to prepare for flight 2, in hopes of observing more cirrus. As we found, the cirrus was largely dissipating, and moving out of the area. We took this opportunity to observe low level stratus clouds with the fssp and cloudscope. On one leg in altostratus, we observed very nice large plate crystals and few water drops (as expected). Images from the PMS 2DC indicated hexagonal boundaries with hollow centers, giving the impression of rather pristine plates. The replicator was operated in this region, and has apparently captured some cloud samples. The drying agent for the replicator pump air is rapidly used up at low altitude where the water content is high. The cloudscope operated fine, though it was observed that with the deicing heater on, the images indicated icing of the window even when the temperature was reading above 0 C. The thermistor for the temperature reading is actually on the nose cone, not at the outer window surface. That is why icing can occur even though the temperature reading is above 0 C. By adjusting the deicing heater to provide a cone temperature of 7 or 8 C, icing was prevented. It was observed that the control box for the cloudscope appreciably heats during deicing due to the current flow through the device. It might be useful to provide more cooling holes in the control box.

After flight 2 I removed the cloudscope and control box, to perform tests in the lab to see if the shutter speed 1/1000 sec can be evaluated. Also wanted to evaluate the automatic gain control setting, the gamma setting, and to investigate the possibility of lowering the CCD gain so that the 1/60 second shutter speed can be used. The replicator formvar application will be tested on 9/20/97 along with an evaluation of the aircraft a/d recording of replicator signals. We are not supposed to fly tomorrow (9/20/97).

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20 Sept 97:

Today was a down day for the Citation, but was not a day off for us. It was a very goood idea to have a down day to repair some of the outstanding problems. We had a lot of success in repairing instruments. The PMS 2DP power supply was replaced. I pulled the cloudscope out of the aircraft, and obtained an extra battery to form a 30 V DC power supply to use to operate the cloudscope on the bench. I found that the 1/1000 sec shutter speed was not working on the bench, so the problem was not with the aircraft, but was with the cloudscope. Last night I took the cloudscope schematic to the hotel and formed a strategy to use for trouble shooting the cloudscope. To make a long story short, I eventually found that the shutter connector on the camera was not functioning properly. By pushing on the connector, I could make the 1/1000 sec shutter speed work or not work, depending on the direction I pushed. I found that by using a cable tie to secure the shutter speed connector in a favorable position, I could rely on the shutter speed setting of 1/1000 sec to work. Then I refocused the camera, turned the AGC swich back on, set the Gamma switch to 1.0 for increased contrast, and reinstalled the cloudscope on the wing, and the control box in the aircraft. Whew!

The replicator received some work as well. I had Martin Brown, the programmer for the Citation aircraft, work with me to again verify that the replicator frame count, speed setting, event marker, stair step, and film pulse were being stored properly. We found that the frame count was being stored as the film position, and the film pulse was being stored as the frame count. We changed the names of these two a/d channels, and all now seems well. It should be noted that we have all replicator signals recorded so far, and that from this day onward, the replicator signals are being stored with their proper names. We ran the replicator on the aircraft to verify operation of the a/d convertor, and to make sure the formvar applicator was working properly.

I resolved the replicator drive problem encountered earlier by:

1. Filing down the plastic standoff screws.

2. Setting the supply spool back closer to the replicator by using an allen wrench on the slip clutch connection,

3. Using WD40 on all spools, and on the wall of the replicator where it rubs with the supply or take up spool.

The formvar does not seem to be laying down very nicely on the tape (from the last flight, and previous one). This problem was resolved by using a thicker setting for the film thickness. I also will use the new jar of formvar for the next flight.

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21 Sept 97:

Today I woke up with the thoughts that we would perhaps be flying by 1 pm local time. I found out that the thin layer of stratus with little cirrus above, and the flights of the UAV prevent any likely flights today, though if it clears by evening, we may fly clear air water vapor. All three hygrometers are now working.

If it is not one thing, it is another. When I arrived at the trailer and started the laptop computer (the one I use for making these messages, and for running the vcr in the aircraft for recording cloudscope data) it was malfunctioning. The keyboard did not work!! What a major pain. Is it software or hardware? After some time delving into the matter, I realized that the on/off key of the keyboard was sticking! The computer would bring up a display that indicated shutdown was possible. I went out into the city to find a #9 Torx driver to remove the keyboard with (a small accomplishment on its own - finally found it on clearance at the fine price of $0.25.) I removed the keyboard and inserted a paper shim between the on/off key and the keyboard to prevent easy contact, and pulled the key off as well. I trimmed the contact working pieces of the keyboard, ground up some pencil lead (graphite) to use as a friction reducer, and put it back together. This worked for now. If the computer continues to have problems I now know to pry off the key and work the on/off switch from the back.

I also worked with Mike Poellot to obtain some PMS 2DC, FSSP, and King LWC probe data from flight 1 on Sept. 19, the flight where we observed mixed phase clouds. Mike had already made some plots of the flight leg we took west from the CART site out about 50 km, and returned. We decided to store the graphs as gif images and put them on this web site. The results can be seen on the 19 September 97 web page. I am going to obtain my ghostscript program and hopefully use it along with the PMS 2DC images to present some of the interesting plates we observed. This program allows me to convert postscript pms images into gif images for web presentation.

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22 Sept 97:

Today was a no fly day. It rained in Ponca City. I took the opportunity to continue evaluating PMS 2DC data from the 19 Sept 97, flight 2 data set. I downloaded the Ghostscript program, placed the 2dc data on the DRI computer where I have my PMS 2DC analysis program, and evaluated the time interval we are working on for the mixed phase cloud. The web page was updated to include size, area, and mass distributions, and PMS 2DC images. It is not likely that we will fly tomorrow either, due to rain and low cloud cover.

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23 Sept 97:

Again a no fly day! With no problems to fix, and no flights, I diddled with the email, reviewed a manuscript, and otherwise just checked the replicator to ensure that the formvar line was clear. I worked with Mike Poellot to view the replicator signals. We found that the frame counter versus time (25 Hz data) was quite clean, much better than before, and this indicates that the electrical filter placed on this signal by Dan Wermers is working well.

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24 Sept 97:

We have a potential water vapor mission this evening. If we see cirrus, we will also sample it. We will find out during the 16:00 utc update meeting. I have plans to transfer more state-of -the atmosphere data to the DRI server so we can commence analysis. One issue that is forming an interest in my mind is analysis of the 19 Sept 97 fligth through altostratus. The pms2dc images showed 400-500 µm plates that appeared to be rocking. It is unlikely that such large particles would rock that much. Another interpretation is that the images are actually of gruff columns. A look at the replicator data for ths tie interval should fill in the details. The particles are a little large for the cloudscope, though we may take a look.

No missions were flown this day.{top}


25 Sept 97:

Began analyzing the new pulse record for obtaining replicator film position. Downloaded the data file from Martin Browns computer to the DRI machine.

The skies are clear. We will fly a clear air water vapor mission tonight. I will fly the cloudscope, but won't even bother loading film into the replicator.

The Hurricane remnants will likely approach by tomorrow night. We should have a combined cirrus and water vapor mission tomorrow night. I suspect that cirrus will also be present on the 27th, just when I have to fly back to Reno.{top}


26 Sept 97:

Detailed replicator and cloudscope notes for FLIGHT 2.

THE SECOND FLIGHT IS BEING EVALUATED AS A CASE STUDY.

FLIGHT DESCRIPTION, OPINION OF Pat Arnott.

FLIGHT 1 of 2:

The sky was clear this night (nite flite), and a mission for the water vapor IOP was flown. We found the air to be exceedingly dry about the boundary layer. The Milkyway was visible. Following several days of rain, the air was also very clear of larger aerosol particles. I only saw 3 particles on the cloudscope (10 - 25 um diameters) during the entire flight, compared to the normal 50 to 100 particles I saw on earlier flights. The cloudscope worked great, with plenty of contrast, and the 1/1000 sec shutter speed worked, confirming the repairs I made earlier. The Licor hygrometer on the Citation worked well, though the EGG and the cryogenic hygrometers had problems.

1:46:08 Cloudscope recording.

1:53:11 Takeoff.

2:03:00 Looked out the window at the tethered balloon, lit by a spotlight.

3:50:00 Replaced tape on Hi8 vcr.

5:08:48 Land.

FLIGHT 2 of 2:

This flight proved to be one of the most interesting cirrus flights I have ever been on. The cirrus at first was fibrous, with many fall streaks. As the flight progressed, the cirrus thickened to form a dense, somewhat multilayered deck. I saw more beatuful halos, sundogs, arcs, and subsuns than ever. The halos were mostly 22 deg., though a 46 deg. partial ring was noticed on one leg. The 22 deg. halo had a companion oval halo around it that touched the 22 deg halo on the top and bottom, and bulged out from it at the sides. These halos were very colorful! The interior of the halos were quite noticably darker than the outsides, consistent with angle of minimum deviation, rainbow like optics that should occur on great halos. These images are forever burned into my memory - I couldn't take my eyes off of them. Unfortunately, I left my camera at home!!! This is an error I will not repeat. If ever there was a cloud that could be modeled using classical hexagonal plate and column models, this was IT. Looking up, I could see the glints off of layers of plate crystals screaming by above the aircraft. The flight was about 4 hours, I obtained replica for one hour before the tape ran out. The cloudscope worked great for the entire flight. Post flight analysis of the replica indicated that the film quality was excellent. This should be a great case study. I only wish that we could have gone right back out to do more sampling of these unusual clouds (if there is such a thing as a usual cloud.) I suspect that the cirrus was remnants of hurricane Nina, but will have to look at the full back trajectory to verify this. I couldn't have asked for a better send off from my 'tour of duty' at this IOP. John Hallett takes over from here.

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27 Sept 97:

Sat 26 sept1997. Brake problem on Citation was fixed by early PM and a possible late PM flight was cancelled about 6.00 PM. Test flight for hygrometer set for midday sun. JH

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28 Sept 97:

Comments on 50 min test flight, sun 28 sept 1997. Rev 6 Oct take off 17:24:47,12:24 local Cloudscope and recorder OK. Initial cloudscope times are 24 seconds ahead of acft times until corrected at 17:46:00. It flooded on passage through a water cloud 17:32:40 (12:46:00 local) at about +6C as expected. No ice on this flight. Large irregular aerosol particles (0paque on CS) at low (few 1000 ft) levels,composed of hygroscopic and insoluble materials, size few to 8 um diameter. Shows use of cloudscope for rapid evaluation of haze particles with concentration few per liter: descending in haze layer, 18:00 - 18:15 Z. (1.00 - 1.15 PM local). Replicator not loaded with formvar for this flight. Deicing test showed 50 seconds to control at T>+6C continuous operation in both modes (outer only; inner and outer) at temps much below +6C. On ground, on for 5s and then off. Needs fixing. Mon AM.On Rick's advice reduce temp of deice by 1/4 turn.

(note added 6 Oct: this behaviour is to be explained by a limitation in the power of the acft inverter - see flt notes for sat 4 Oct).

Replicator video could not record date as cord was broken and replaced only to viewer. Fixed on ground with Rockie's help. Delta p with and without pump at altitude (-12C) about 3" water. On ground with outlets sealed about 2" water. This needs fixing. Improve inner seal. We need to rearrange cable to video on replicator so that it does not stick out.

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30 Sept 97:

Comments on 50 min test flight, sun 28 sept 1997. Rev 6 Oct take off 17:24:47,12:24 local Cloudscope and recorder OK. Initial cloudscope times are 24 seconds ahead of acft times until corrected at 17:46:00. It flooded on passage through a water cloud 17:32:40 (12:46:00 local) at about +6C as expected. No ice on this flight. Large irregular aerosol particles (0paque on CS) at low (few 1000 ft) levels,composed of hygroscopic and insoluble materials, size few to 8 um diameter. Shows use of cloudscope for rapid evaluation of haze particles with concentration few per liter: descending in haze layer, 18:00 - 18:15 Z. (1.00 - 1.15 PM local). Replicator not loaded with formvar for this flight. Deicing test showed 50 seconds to control at T>+6C continuous operation in both modes (outer only; inner and outer) at temps much below +6C. On ground, on for 5s and then off. Needs fixing. Mon AM.On Rick's advice reduce temp of deice by 1/4 turn.

(note added 6 Oct: this behaviour is to be explained by a limitation in the power of the acft inverter - see flt notes for sat 4 Oct).

Replicator video could not record date as cord was broken and replaced only to viewer. Fixed on ground with Rockie's help. Delta p with and without pump at altitude (-12C) about 3" water. On ground with outlets sealed about 2" water. This needs fixing. Improve inner seal. We need to rearrange cable to video on replicator so that it does not stick out.

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1 Oct 97:

Water vapor flight wed 1 Oct 1997 Z. Rev Oct 6 97 Take off 01 24 57 (30 sept 8 24 57 PM local) land 03 54 18 Replicator in place but no formvar loaded. Coudscope videos (2) for complete flight. Hygrometer (Buck) worked except for a hiccup when it iced up inside. Spiral up and down over over Raman site to 11.2 Km @ -47.6C Kite with swiss frost point hygrometer. on descent we penetrated a layer of haze (3 km) which gave partcles on cloudscope size from15um to few um; some particles subsequently crystallised. RH at haze top apprached 100%. These partcles also detected on FSSP.

Replicator pressure test showed delta p with pump 4.5" @10 km; 3'' at lower levels. Not enough to back off pressure; needs another 3'' H2O at least. Deice controlled at +6C but at low speed (94 TAS) but lost control for higher speed and lower temperatures. (note added 6 Oct see flt notes for sat 4 Oct)

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2 Oct 97:

2 Oct97 Thurs.Z (local wed 1Oct) Water vapor flight. rev 6 Oct. No replicator. Cloudscope OK tapes1/2,( 01 12 40 - 01 31 17 overwritten) 03 02: 2/2. Take off 01 05 17 land 03 48 23. Z No Hi cloud over CART site or in neighborhood. Clean cloudscope prior to take off. Cloudscope set at aircraft time prior to take off. Near spherical particles, apparantly opaque were collected after take off until above sort of moist layer, top 3.9 km. Size up to 12/14um; partcles showed on FSSP in up to 5?th bin, 01 06 14 through at least 01 42 35. Hygrometer connection problem hold aft at 2?k ft collecting many particles; Hygrometer frost problem hold and limit top of spiral. 03 02. 3/4 turn of deice control CW gave control (12 on,2 off) at +10C; no control below this temperature for outer arm only deice. (See flt notes for 4 Oct) Cloudscope temperature excess increases with altitude (and air speed) from 5/6K to about 9/10K at 10 km.

Process collected particles by breathing on cloudscope window. see end tape 2 for first tests, (AM local). "lo" RH gave growth of individual colleced partcles which grew and evaporated as individuals. "Hi" RH lead to coagulation of collected particles.

2nd series of tests accidently recorded over part of previous nights flight on tape 1/2 lost 01 12 40 to 01 31 17. rest is OK. 03 56 59 3 tests Lo RH 04 00 04 03 43 vLo Rh 0404 Hi RH 0406 flush with water 04 08 48 lo RH 04 09 48 v lo Rh 04 10 18 vv lo RH no effect. 04 16 50 inter RH uniform effect

conclude that initial large particles were hygroscopic (and small ones as well); the salt was leached by washing and particles only grew subsequently at high RH ; under these conditions particles grew from the vapor uniformly everywhere.

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4 Oct 97:

Final flight of projet. UND Citation. Fri 3 October local, Sat 4 Oct 1997 Z. Rev 6 Oct 97 Plan as an intercomparison with King Air, both ascending sequentially over the CART site. Also as vapor mission for Raman calibration, with possible cirrus mission in approaching front cirrus and cb convection. The new hygrometer only to be turned on at altitude so that it would not accumulate external ice as happened and stopped its operation on the previous flight. Photos from airport of approaching cirrus towards CART site, 7.00 PM 100s separation. 35 mm lens.

CS and replicator operational for this flight.

Take off 01 30 31 Z SAT, 8 30 PM FRI. CS set at aircraft time. Replicator VCR 3S ahead of acft time. Lightning visible towards Wichita after take off - extensive anvil to North.

Aerosol in first few channels of FSSP and on CS in lower 3 Km. outer deice of replicator on after take off; +20C 85 m s-1 4 s on 3 s off. +12C 6 s 2 s +7C 97 12 s 2 s +1C on all time

02 24 00 ascend over CART and wait for King Air. CS -28.8C Rosemont -38C lightning visible towards Wichita Suspicion of cirrus here - nothing on CS. Replicator on speed 1 ; pump air max (3 - 4 " H2O), video on. Lose replicator video signal 02 40 Approx. Lose DC and AC power on replicator and CS 02 52. Switch all off. DC breaker out on UND system. Reset breaker after 5 mins - OK , including replicator video.. Lost all again after further 5 mins. ( DC supply current >25 amps) Problem : inadequate inverter power to replicator which supplies both DC and AC. shut down replicator for flight. It appears that overload of the inverter results in shutdown. The inverter supplies both AC and DC to replicator and DC to the CS so shut down occurs of all of these.

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